SYNOPSIS  &  RESEARCH  PROTOCOLS:

Every postgraduate candidate of MS/MD, M.Phil & M.S.PH courses shall have to submit the Research Protocol / Synopsis within six months of admission.
The synopsis shall not include research work for which a degree has already been conferred in this or any other University/DAI's (Degree Awarding Institutions).
The Synopsis/ Research Protocol shall be approved by the Advanced Studies & Research Board.

                      
GUIDELINES FOR SYNOPSIS WRITING FOR POST-GRADUATE TRAINEES:
Synopsis is a short summarized document that focuses a briefed information of the research with conducting material & methods for postgraduate residents to have scientific plan of work to deliver inference & conclusion.

Components of a Synopsis:

The following components should be provided in a synopsis of Post Graduate research project.

1)    Title Page or Page 1:
There should be the following information on the first page of the synopsis.
    i.    Title:
    ii.   Name of the Student
    iii.  Name of the Supervisor
   iv.   Place of work

A title page of the synopsis should include title of the research project, name of the student (with qualifications), name of the supervisor(s), place ow work and date (month and year) of submission.

2)    Topic:

    The topic for research should be selected carefully. It should be specific and worded to show the nature of work involved as far as possible.

3)    Introduction:

    It should provide a brief description to introduce the area of the proposed research work.
        Why your project is important
        Where is it used? Applications
        What you will talk about
       Problems and shortcoming of their work
        How your work is different and better
     Objectives
      Broad objectives as visualized to be achieved should be clearly outlined and these should be itemized. These objectives will indicate the major aspects         of the study to be undertaken.


     Operational Definition:
    *    It is definition of a term specifically telling how it will be measured examples:
           Efficacy:  These can be measured:
   i.    Time taken in relief of symptoms which may be pain, fever, cough, heartburn etc.
    ii.   Taking into account number of side effects.
   iii.  Time taken for complete recovery
        Student is requirement to specify how he/she will measure efficacy.
     Hypothesis:
    *    A hypothesis is a statement showing expected relation between 2 variables. A
          hypothesis is needed in the following study designs:
    *    All interventional studies
    *    Cohort
    *    Case Control
    *    Comparative Cross Sectional

4)    Review of Literature:

    *    What other people had to say on this topic(s) (be sure to cite your references,  and quotes as appropriate)
    *    What other people did on this topic or related topics
    *    Students must study at least 10 original research papers before writing of synopsis.

5)     Materials and Methods:

    A plan of work describing the various aspects of the study in a logical sequence along with the methodologies to be employed, are the most important        aspects of any research plan.
    Study design: Mention the name of the appropriate study design.
    Setting:  Name and place where the research work is to be conducted.
    Duration of Study:  How long will the study take with dates?
    Sample Size:  How many patients will be included. If there are groups, how
    many per group?
    Sampling Technique:  Type of sampling technique.
    Sample Selection:
    Inclusion Criteria:  on what basis will patients be inducted in the study?
    Exclusion Criteria:  on what basis will patients be excluded from the study?
    Data collection procedure:  A detailed account of how the researcher will
    perform research; how he/she will measure the variable.
    It includes:  Identification of the study variables
              Methods for collection of data
              Data collection tools (proforma/questionnaire)
Data analysis procedure:  relevant details naming software to be used, which descriptive statistics and which test of significance if and when required, specifying variables where it will be applied.

Outcome & Utilization:  Describe in which way the expected results of your study can be useful in designing and delivery of health care system.

6)    Place of Work and Facilities Available.

      In order to complete the proposed research some specialized facilities may be required. Therefore it is important to identify the place where the                   research work will be undertaken and whether the resources and facilities required for doing the research are available.

7)    References:

    * Synopsis should contain at the end a list of references. All references in the text must be cited in and at the end must be in Vancouver style and                  number of citations should not be less than fifteen (15) out of which 5 references must be from books. References should include a number of books,         list of articles published in research Journals.
    **    Webpage do not count. Wikipedia is not appropriate.
    **    Cite the papers / Books that you used

    Citation in Text:

    **    A number is allocated to a source in the order in which it is cited in the text. If the
    source is referred to again, the same number is unsed.
    **    Use Arabic numerals (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
    References at the end:
    **    In Vancouver style.

   Examples:

    Journal:  Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD. Title of article,  Abbreviated
    title of journal. Date of publication YYYY month; volume number (issue     
    number):page number.
    **    Petitti DB, Crooks VC, Buckwalter JG, Chiu V. Blood pressure levels before
        dementia. Arch Neurol. 2005 Jan;62(1):112-6.
    Book:  Author AA,  Title of book.# edition [if not first]. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Page number.
   **    Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 4th ed. St. Louis:
        Mosby; 2009. 541 p.
It will be difficult to define an overall length for a synopsis for Post Graduates in such different felid of study. Whereas it should be concise as far as possible and avoid repetitions, it should also provide sufficient details on the various aspects mentioned above to show that the research involved has been well understood and planned, and it is of an acceptable academic merit. The total length of a synopsis may rund from 1,500 to a few thousand words.


Data Collection Instrument:

The researcher must attach, as an annex, the performa or questionnaire with the help of which he/she intends to collect data. The performa/questionnaire must match the objectives and must not contain irrelevant sections like inclusion and exclusion criteria etc.
Additional Requirement:

    1: Font Shape: Time New Roman
    2:  Font Size:   Main heading: 14 bold and underline
          Ist subheading : 12 Bold
          2nd subheading: 12 Bold and Italic
    3: Line Spacing:  1.5
   4: Paragraph Spacing:  0
    5:  Character Spacing:  Normal Research supervisors are requested to make sure that the synopsis submitted by
         their research students follows the format of writing the synopsis.
    6:  Margins: At least 3.17-3.81cm on the left-hand side, 2 -2.54cm at the top and bottom of the page, and 1.27 - 1.90cm at the outer edge.
          The best position for the page number is at top-centre.
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Rules for Synopsis
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